Вклад кортикостерона и интерлейкин‑1бета, а также их взаимодействия в формирование у лабораторных грызунов тревожного поведения в ответ на стрессорное воздействие

Аннотация

Психоэмоциональные расстройства, такие как депрессия и повышенная тревожность, связывают с воздействием неблагоприятных жизненных обстоятельств, однако конкретные пути первоначальной индукции психопатологий, особенно повышенной тревожности, остаются неясными. Среди широкого спектра биологических изменений, индуцируемых стрессорами, наибольшее внимание в этом плане привлекают реакции двух систем – гипоталамо-гипофизарно-адренокортикальной системы (ГГАС) и иммунной системы. Быстрое повышение уровней глюкокортикоидов (кортизола у человека и кортикостерона у грызунов) – конечных продуктов стрессорной активации ГГАС – является ключевым фактором интеграции адаптивных реакций на стресс, однако это увеличение может также приводить к возникновению психопатологий. Повышение уровней периферических и центральных провоспалительных цитокинов наблюдалось как у пациентов с симптомами тревожности, так и у лабораторных животных с тревожноподобным поведением, вызванным стрессорами. Вместе с тем понимание вклада иммунной и глюкокортикоидной реакций на стрессоры в психоповеденческие эффекты осложняется неоднозначным взаимовлиянием этих систем. С одной стороны, в соответствии с хорошо известными иммуносупрессивными свойствами глюкокортикоидов, кортикостерон оказывает противовоспалительное действие, а с другой стороны, повышенный уровень этого гормона может способствовать системному воспалению, усиливая выработку провоспалительных цитокинов. Цитокины, в свою очередь, влияют на активность ГГАС. В настоящем обзоре представлен анализ опубликованных в доступной литературе экспериментальных данных об участии глюкокортикоидных гормонов и ключевого провоспалительного цитокина интерлейкина‑1бета, а также их взаимодействия в формировании вызванной стрессорами повышенной тревожности, что может способствовать дальнейшему прояснению патофизиологии тревожных расстройств.

Сноски

* Адресат для корреспонденции.

Вклад авторов

Идея и написание обзора – Г.Т.Ш.; сбор литературы и редактирование текста – А.И.В., Г.Т.Ш.

Финансирование

Работа выполнена на средства федерального бюджета в рамках государственного задания ФГБУН ФИЦ ИЦиГ СО РАН (№ FWNR-2022-0023).

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Соблюдение этических норм

Настоящая статья не содержит описания каких-либо исследований с участием людей в качестве объектов.

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