Интеграция дофаминовой и BDNF‑гипотез: нейропатология через призму перекрёстного взаимодействия

Аннотация

Дофаминовая система играет важную роль в самых разнообразных физиологических процессах, включая локомоцию, эмоциональное состояние, вознаграждение, память и обучение. Дифференцировка и надлежащее функционирование дофаминергических нейронов в значительной степени стимулируются нейротрофическим фактором мозга (BDNF). BDNF является одним из наиболее распространённых нейротрофинов в мозге млекопитающих и участвует в развитии, дифференцировке и пластичности нейронов. Хорошо известно, что нарушения как в дофаминергической системе, так и в сигнальных путях BDNF связаны с развитием многих неврологических расстройств, включая болезнь Паркинсона, шизофрению, расстройство аутистического спектра (РАС), синдром дефицита внимания и гиперактивности (СДВГ) и другие. Накопленные данные свидетельствуют о существовании важного перекрёстного взаимодействия между BDNF и дофаминовой системой, нарушение которого может лежать в основе развития нейро- и психопатологии. В настоящем обзоре мы обобщили современные данные об этих взаимодействиях как в физиологических состояниях, так и при нарушениях нейроразвития и нейродегенеративных заболеваниях. Представленные результаты позволяют предположить, что перекрёстное взаимодействие между дофаминовой системой мозга и BDNF имеет ключевое значение в механизмах нейрофизиологии и нейропатологии, а также может служить мишенью для коррекции различных видов патологического поведения.

Сноски

* Адресат для корреспонденции.

Вклад авторов

Идея данной статьи была предложена Антоном Цыбко. Поиск литературы, анализ и подготовка рукописи выполнены Марах Алсаллум. Критическая проверка работы осуществлена Владимиром Науменко и Антоном Цыбко.

Финансирование

Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда, грант № 25-15-00043.

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Соблюдение этических норм

Настоящая статья не содержит результатов исследований с участием людей или животных, выполненных кем-либо из авторов.

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