БИОХИМИЯ, 2026, том 91, вып. 3, с. 451–478

УДК 577.12

Циклические (кольцевые) РНК спустя полвека после открытия

Обзор

© 2026 И.Б. Филиппенков *filippenkov_IB@nrcki.ru, filippenkov-ib.img@yandex.ru, Е.В. Царева, И.В. Мозговой, О.Ю. Сударкина, Л.В. Дергунова, С.А. Лимборская

НИЦ «Курчатовский институт», 123182 Москва, Россия

Поступила в редакцию 08.10.2025
После доработки 02.02.2026
Принята к публикации 02.02.2026

DOI: 10.7868/S3034529426030013

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: циклические РНК, структура, биогенез и распад циклоРНК, функции циклоРНК, конкурентные эндогенные РНК, циклоРНК-биомаркеры заболеваний, терапия.

Аннотация

Циклические РНК (циклоРНК, кольцевые РНК) представляют собой уникальный класс ковалентно замкнутых молекул, образующихся в процессе неканонического сплайсинга и отличающихся повышенной стабильностью по сравнению с линейными РНК. С открытия в 1976 г. первой циклоРНК вироида прошло полвека. Долгое время циклоРНК оставались недооценёнными. В последнее десятилетие интерес к ним заметно вырос, хотя функциональная роль и значимость этих молекул в научном мире по-прежнему остаётся предметом дискуссий. К настоящему времени хорошо известно, что циклоРНК представляют собой обширный класс молекул, которые имеют разнообразное происхождение и свойства. ЦиклоРНК обнаружены в различных организмах от прокариот до растений и млекопитающих, где могут функционировать как регуляторы многих клеточных процессов. Начинают появляться и практические приложения свойств циклоРНК как диагностических маркеров заболеваний и даже основы для создания инновационных лекарств. В данном обзоре суммируются сведения о циклоРНК, накопленные за многие годы после их открытия, а также самые последние достижения в биологии и применении свойств РНК этого класса.

Сноски

* Адресат для корреспонденции.

Вклад авторов

И.Б. Филиппенков, О.Ю. Сударкина, С.А. Лимборская, Л.В. Дергунова – концепция и руководство работой; И.Б. Филиппенков, И.В. Мозговой, Е.В. Царева – написание, обзор и редактирование текста статьи; И.Б. Филиппенков и Е.В. Царева – визуализация данных; С.А. Лимборская, И.Б. Филиппенков – финансирование.

Финансирование

Работа проведена в рамках выполнения государственного задания НИЦ «Курчатовский институт» (технологии на основе циклоРНК), а также при финансовой поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 25‑14‑00047; структура, экспрессия и функции циклоРНК).

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Соблюдение этических норм

Настоящая статья не содержит описания каких-либо исследований с использованием людей и животных в качестве объектов.

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