БИОХИМИЯ, 2026, том 91, вып. 1, с. 23–46

УДК 571.27

Роль цитокинов IL‑25, IL‑33, TSLP в воспалении респираторного тракта. Терапевтические перспективы

Обзор

© 2026 Е.Д. Тимотиевич 1*ed0594@yandex.ru, И.П. Шиловский 1, Д.А. Гурский 1, А.Д. Таганович 2, А.Г. Кадушкин 2, М.Р. Хаитов 1,3

1 ФГБУ «ГНЦ Институт иммунологии» ФМБА, 115522 Москва, Россия

2 Белорусский государственный медицинский университет, 220083 Минск, Беларусь

3 ФГАОУ ВО «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И. Пирогова» Минздрава России, 117997 Москва, Россия

Поступила в редакцию 17.08.2025
После доработки 16.10.2025
Принята к публикации 04.11.2025

DOI: 10.7868/S3034529426010021

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: эпителиальные цитокины, интерлейкин‑25, интерлейкин‑33, тимический стромальный лимфопоэтин, воспаление, аллергия, бронхиальная астма, ХОБЛ, таргетная терапия.

Аннотация

В последние годы значительно расширились представления о ключевой роли эпителиальных цитокинов (IL‑25, IL‑33 и TSLP) в развитии воспалительных заболеваний респираторного тракта. Эти молекулы, высвобождаемые эпителием дыхательных путей в ответ на действие аллергенов, патогенов и повреждающих факторов, выступают в роли аларминов, запуская каскад Th2-опосредованного воспаления, что приводит к IgE-опосредованным реакциям, эозинофильной инфильтрации и ремоделированию тканей. Помимо классических аллергических процессов, эпителиальные цитокины играют важную роль в вирус-индуцированных обострениях заболеваний дыхательных путей и патогенезе хронической обструктивной болезни легких. В настоящее время разработаны препараты моноклональных антител, демонстрирующие эффективность в лечении тяжелых форм астмы. В данном обзоре обобщены современные данные о вкладе TSLP, IL‑33 и IL‑25 в развитие воспаления респираторного тракта, а также обсуждаются перспективы их таргетного ингибирования с целью повышения эффективности терапии заболеваний.

Сноски

* Адресат для корреспонденции.

Вклад авторов

Е.Д. Тимотиевич – сбор литературных данных и написание текста статьи; И.П. Шиловский – концепция обзора и редактирование; Д.А. Гурский – сбор литературных данных; А.Г. Кадушкин – написание текста; А.Д. Таганович – редактирование; М.Р. Хаитов – общее руководство при написании статьи.

Финансирование

Исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда (грант № 23-45-10031, https://rscf.ru/project/23-45-10031/) и Белорусского республиканского фонда фундаментальных исследований (грант № М23РНФ‑021).

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Соблюдение этических норм

Настоящая статья не содержит описания каких-либо исследований с участием людей или животных в качестве объектов.

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