Лабораторная эволюция: молекулярно-генетическая основа и фенотипическая пластичность

Аннотация

Адаптивная лабораторная эволюция (adaptive laboratory evolution, ALE) направлена на исследование молекулярных основ адаптации и широко используется как инструмент для более глубокого понимания генетических и/или метаболических путей эволюции. Одна из основных задач экспериментальной эволюции – предсказать, какие мутации являются «значимыми» движущими силами адаптации. Использование повторного секвенирования всего генома позволяет легко идентифицировать мутации, возникшие во время ALE, и, как следствие, те биохимические изменения, которые произошли с экспериментальными линиями. В то же время ALE имеет и практическую составляющую – это инновационный подход к созданию эволюционировавших штаммов микробов с желаемыми характеристиками, такими как быстрый рост, устойчивость к стрессам, эффективное использование различных субстратов, производство продуктов с достаточно высокой добавленной стоимостью (аминокислоты, этанол, ароматические соединения, липиды). В представленном обзоре были проанализированы результаты работ, объясняющих и демонстрирующих связь мутаций с наблюдаемыми фенотипическими и биохимическими изменениями, а также возможности микроорганизмов как модельных объектов для проведения лабораторных эволюционных экспериментов и проверки различных эволюционных гипотез. Мы постарались отметить достижения, полученные при использовании стратегии ALE, а также обратить внимание на нерешенные вопросы и ограничения метода.

Сноски

* Адресат для корреспонденции.

Вклад авторов

Я.Д. – разработка и написание рукописи; О.К. – сбор и систематизация первичного материала; М.Б. – редактирование обзора.

Финансирование

Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания МГУ имени М.В. Ломоносова.

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Соблюдение этических норм

Настоящая статья не содержит описания каких-либо исследований с участием людей или животных в качестве объектов.

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