БИОХИМИЯ, 2024, том 89, вып. 2, с. 241–260

УДК 577.121.7;577.23

Митоцентричность

Обзор

© 2024 Д.Б. Зоров 1,2*zorov@belozersky.msu.ru, П.А. Абрамичева 1, Н.В. Андрианова 1, В.А. Бабенко 1,2, Л.Д. Зорова 1,2, С.Д. Зоров 1,3, И.Б. Певзнер 1,2, В.А. Попков 1,2, Д.С. Семенович 1, Э.И. Якупова 1, Д.Н. Силачев 1,2, Е.Ю. Плотников 1,2, Г.Т. Сухих 2

Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, НИИ физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского, 119991 Москва, Россия

Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр акушерства, гинекологии и перинатологии им. академика В.И. Кулакова Минздрава России, 117997 Москва, Россия

Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, факультет биоинженерии и биоинформатики, 119991 Москва, Россия

Поступила в редакцию 29.12.2023
После доработки 19.01.2024
Принята к публикации 21.01.2024

DOI: 10.31857/S0320972524020045

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: митохондрии, клетка, организм, феноптоз, гибель, мембранный потенциал, вода, набухание, разобщение, CO2, стероиды, гем, жирные кислоты, активные формы кислорода.

Аннотация

Интерес к митохондриям в мире постоянно растет, о чем свидетельствует научная статистика, причем изучение функционирования этих органелл становится превалирующим над изучением других клеточных структур. В этом аналитическом обзоре митохондрии условно поставлены в некоторый клеточный центр, который отвечает как за производство энергии, так и за другие неэнергетические функции, без которых невозможно существование не только самой эукариотической клетки, но и всего организма. Принимая во внимание высокую полифункциональность митохондрий, такая принципиально новая схема организации функционирования клетки, включающая управление митохондриями процессами, определяющими выживание и гибель клетки, может оказаться оправданной. Учитывая то, что этот выпуск посвящен памяти В.П. Скулачева, которого можно назвать митоцентриком вследствие истории его научной деятельности, почти целиком направленной на изучение митохондрий, в данной работе рассматриваются те аспекты функционирования митохондрий, которые прямо или опосредованно были в фокусе внимания этого выдающегося ученого. Мы перечисляем все возможные из известных митохондриальных функций, включающие в себя генерацию мембранного потенциала, синтез Fe–S-кластеров, стероидных гормонов, гема, жирных кислот и CO2. Особое внимание обращено на участие митохондрий в образовании и транспорте воды как мощного биохимического клеточного и митохондриального регулятора. Подвержена значительному анализу история исследований активных форм кислорода, которые генерируют митохондрии. В разделе «Митохондрии в центре смерти» особый акцент сделан на анализе того, какую роль и каким образом митохондрии могут играть и определять программу гибели организма (феноптоз) и вкладе, который внес в эти исследования В.П. Скулачев.

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Финансирование

Поддержано государственным заданием Министерства Здравоохранения РФ (№ 124013000594‑1).

Вклад авторов

П.А. Абрамичева, Н.В. Андрианова, В.А. Бабенко, Л.Д. Зорова, С.Д. Зоров, И.Б. Певзнер, В.А. Попков, Д.С. Семенович, Э.И. Якупова, Д.Н. Силачев, Е.Ю. Плотников, Г.Т. Сухих, Д.Б. Зоров – общее обсуждение концепции, идеологии и планов построения работы; Д.Б. Зоров – написание рукописи; Л.Д. Зорова, С.Д. Зоров – редактирование и техническое оформление рукописи.

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Соблюдение этических норм

Настоящая статья не содержит описания каких-либо исследований с участием людей или животных в качестве объектов.

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