БИОХИМИЯ, 2020, том 85, вып. 10, с. 1383–1397

УДК 571.27

НЕТоз: молекулярные механизмы, роль в физиологии и патологии

Обзор

© 2020 Н.В. Воробьева 1*, Б.В. Черняк 2

1 Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, биологический факультет, 119991 Москва, Россия; электронная почта: nvvorobjeva@mail.ru

2 НИИ физико-химической биологии имени А.Н. Белозерского, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, 119991 Москва, Россия

Поступила в редакцию 20.06.2020
После доработки 16.07.2020
Принята к публикации 16.07.2020

DOI: 10.31857/S0320972520100061

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: нейтрофил, нейтрофильные внеклеточные ловушки, НЕТоз, NADPH-оксидаза, активные формы кислорода, митохондриальная пора, COVID-19.

Аннотация

НЕТоз – это программа образования нейтрофильных внеклеточных ловушек или NET (neutrophil extracellular traps), состоящих из модифицированного хроматина и связанных с ним бактерицидных белков гранул и цитоплазмы. НЕТоз могут вызывать различные патогены, антитела и иммунные комплексы, цитокины, микрокристаллы и другие физиологические стимулы. Индукция НЕТоза зависит от активных форм кислорода (АФК), основным источником которых служит NADPH-оксидаза. Активация NADPH-оксидазы зависит от повышения концентрации Са2+ в цитоплазме и в некоторых случаях от генерации АФК в митохондриях. В процессе НЕТоза происходит выход компонентов гранул в цитозоль, модификация гистонов, ведущая к деконденсации хроматина, разрушение ядерной оболочки, а также образование пор в плазматической мембране. В обзоре обсуждаются основные представления о механизмах НЕТоза, а также роль НЕТоза в патогенезе некоторых заболеваний, включая COVID-19.

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* Адресат для корреспонденции.

Финансирование

Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (грант 17-00-00088).

Благодарности

Авторы выражают благодарность сотрудникам НИИ ФХБ им. А.Н. Белозерского МГУ О.Ю. Плетюшкиной, И.И. Галкину, С.А. Голышеву, Р.А. Зиновкину и А.С. Приходько, принявших активное участие в экспериментальной работе, посвященной изучению НЕТоза, дегрануляции и окислительного взрыва нейтрофилов человека. Мы также от всего сердца благодарим Владимира Петровича Скулачева, который инициировал наши работы в области митохондриологии, и поздравляем нашего дорогого учителя с 85-летним юбилеем.

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Соблюдение этических норм

Настоящая статья не содержит описания каких-либо исследований с использованием животных в качестве объектов.

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