БИОХИМИЯ, 2019, том 84, вып. 1, с. 24–37

УДК 577.29

Использование системы CRISPR/Cas для создания растений, устойчивых к патогенам*

Обзор

© 2019 С.С. Макарова 1,2, А.В. Хромов 1,2, Н.А. Спеченкова 3, М.Э. Тальянский 1,3, Н.О. Калинина 1,2,3**

1 ООО «Дока-Генные технологии», 141880, Московская область, Дмитровский район, Рогачево, Россия; электронная почта: mail@dokagene.ru

2 Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, 119991 Москва, Россия; электронная почта: kalinina@genebee.msu.ru

3 Институт биоорганической химии им. академиков М.М. Шемякина и Ю.А. Овчинникова РАН, 117997 Москва, Россия; электронная почта: office@ibch.ru

Поступила в редакцию 11.07.2018
После доработки 07.09.2018
Принята к публикации 07.09.2018

DOI: 10.1134/S0320972519010020

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: растения, система CRISPR/Cas, редактирование генома, вирусы растений, бактерии, грибы, устойчивость к инфекции патогенами.

Аннотация

Использование прокариотической адаптивной иммунной системы CRISPR/Cas9 привело к настоящему прорыву в направленном редактировании генома эукариот. Технология CRISPR/Cas9 позволяет получать организмы с заданными свойствами путем внесения делеций или вставок в выбранные участки генома, что приводит к «выключению» или модификации целевых генов. Настоящий обзор посвящен современному состоянию применения приложений на основе CRISPR/Cas для создания растений, устойчивых к вирусам, бактериям и паразитическим грибам. Резистентность к заражению ДНК- и РНК-содержащими вирусами достигалась получением трансгенных растений, экспрессирующих ген эндонуклеазы Cas и последовательностей коротких гидовых РНК, нацеленных на определенные участки генома вируса или гены растения-хозяина. Подобные подходы приводили или к прямому разрезанию генома вируса, или модификации генома растения, которая снижала эффективность репликации вируса. Редактирование генов растений, участвующих в защитном ответе на заражение патогенами, усиливало резистентность растений к бактериям и патогенному грибу. В обзоре обсуждены стратегии и перспективы создания растений, устойчивых к патогенам, и способы получения растений, которые не являются генно-модифицированными организмами, в частности, бесплазмидные способы доставки в клетки растений редактирующего комплекса эндонуклеаза Cas/короткая гидовая РНК.

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* Статья на английском языке опубликована в томе 83, вып. 12, 2018.

** Адресат для корреспонденции.

Финансирование

Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РНФ (проект № 16-16-04019).

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют, что у них нет конфликта интересов.

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