БИОХИМИЯ, 2018, том 83, вып. 11, с. 1627–1642

УДК 57.044

Молекулярные факторы поддержания и активации «молодого» фенотипа клеток-источников регенерации тканей глаза

Обзор

© 2018 Э.Н. Григорян

Институт биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН, 119334 Москва, Россия; электронная почта: leonore@mail.ru

Поступила в редакцию 02.04.2018
После доработки 09.07.2018

DOI: 10.1134/S0320972518110039

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: глаз, сетчатка, хрусталик, регенерация, клетки-источники, факторы транскрипции, сигнальные пути.

Аннотация

Современные достижения биологии в понимании процессов регенерации тканей, выявлении эндогенных источников регенерации, а также развитие методологии индукции и дифференцировки плюрипотентных стволовых клеток открывают широкие перспективы для регенерационной медицины. Однако использование получаемой информации в прикладных биомедицинских исследованиях затруднено недостаточным знанием молекулярных факторов и их композиций, способных регулировать регенерационные ответы клеток-источников регенерации. В обзоре приводятся собственные и литературные данные о категориях клеток, являющихся эндогенными источниками регенерации тканей глаза у низших и высших позвоночных. Рассматриваются особенности профиля экспрессии генов, позволяющего этим клеткам сохранять «молодой» фенотип. Приводятся транскрипционные факторы и сигнальные пути, обеспечивающие это состояние, а также репрограммирование и вход в пролиферативную фазу клеток-источников. Обсуждается роль в данных процессах факторов крови, иммунной системы, гормонов, продуктов окислительного стресса и факторов так называемого «клеточного омоложения» при их взаимодействии с локальными факторами клеточного окружения. Анализируются условия и молекулярные факторы – индукторы репрограммирования и пролиферации клеток, являющихся потенциальными источниками регенерации тканей глаза in vitro. Уделено внимание эпигенетическим изменениям, в т.ч. зависимым от возраста, в процессе конверсии клеток-источников регенерации.

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Финансирование

Работа выполнена в рамках Государственного задания Института биологии развития им. Н.К. Кольцова РАН № 0108-2018-0003.

Конфликт интересов

Автор заявляет об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

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