БИОХИМИЯ, 2018, том 83, вып. 10, с. 1464–1475
УДК 577.352
Механизмы кальций-зависимой десенситизации NMDA рецепторов
Обзор
Институт эволюционной физиологии и биохимии им. И.М. Сеченова РАН, 194223 Санкт-Петербург, Россия; электронная почта: dsibarov@gmail.com
Поступила в редакцию 04.04.2018
После доработки 04.06.2018
DOI: 10.1134/S0320972518100032
КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: NMDA рецепторы, десенситизация, кальций, натрий-кальциевый обменник, липидные плотики, микродомены.
Аннотация
Рецепторы глутамата выполняют функцию возбуждающей синаптической передачи в центральной нервной системе. Подтип рецепторов, селективно активируемых N-метил-D-аспартатом (NMDAR), имеет ионный канал, проницаемый для ионов натрия, калия и кальция, и экспрессируется в пре- и постсинапсе, а также — во внесинаптических областях плазматической мембраны нейронов. Вход кальция в шипики через каналы NMDAR критически важен для реализации таких явлений синаптической пластичности, как кратко- и долговременная потенциация и депрессия синаптической передачи. Считается, что эти феномены являются морфо-функциональным отражением процессов формирования памяти на клеточном уровне. Дисфункции NMDAR связаны с развитием эпилепсии, шизофрении, мигрени, деменций и других нейродегенеративных процессов. Длительная активация NMDAR внесинаптических областей вызывает кальциевую перегрузку нейронов и апоптоз. В обзоре обсуждаются современные представления и новые данные о молекулярных механизмах кальций-зависимой десенситизации NMDAR, которые осуществляют быструю модуляцию ионной проводимости этих рецепторов в центральной нервной системе, а также ограничивают вход кальция в нейроны при патологических состояниях. Представлены сведения о молекулярных детерминантах, определяющих кальций-зависимую десенситизацию NMDAR, новые сведения о локальных функциональных взаимодействиях NMDAR с другими ионными каналами и транспортерами, а также освещаются особенности ассоциации NMDAR с липидными микродоменами клеточной мембраны.
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Финансирование
Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания № АААА-А18-118012290427-7.
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