БИОХИМИЯ, 2022, том 87, вып. 12, с. 1818–1841

УДК 577.24

Является ли старение человека формой феноптоза?

Обзор

© 2022 G. Libertini 1,2*giacinto.libertini@yahoo.com, G. Corbi 3,4, O. Shubernetskaya 5, and N. Ferrara 2,6

1 Italian Society for Evolutionary Biology (SIBE), 14100 Asti, Italy

2 Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy

3 Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy

4 Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics (SIGG), 50129 Firenze, Italy

5 Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, 117997 Moscow, Russia

6 Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SPA – Società Benefit, IRCCS, 82037 Telese Terme (BN), Italy

Поступила в редакцию 02.08.2022
После доработки 28.08.2022
Принята к публикации 29.08.2022

DOI: 10.31857/S0320972522120041

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ СЛОВА: феноптоз, старение, субтеломеры, теломеры, субтеломерно-теломерная теория, постепенное клеточное старение, клеточное старение, эпигенетические изменения.

Аннотация

Суть этой активно обсуждаемой научной проблемы заключается в том, является ли старение следствием накопления дегенеративных факторов, недостаточно противостоящих естественному отбору, или же, напротив, оно является упорядоченным процессом, генетически предопределённым и регулируемым, моделируемым естественным отбором, для которого было вполне уместно использовать определение феноптотического явления. В настоящем обзоре приведены теоретические аргументы и эмпирические данные в пользу обеих гипотез с дополнительными доказательствами в поддержку тезиса о старении как форме феноптоза. Поскольку тезис о старении как адаптивном запрограммированном явлении должен быть подкреплён существованием специфических механизмов, определяющих старение, таких как предложенная для этой цели субтеломерно-теломерная теория, приводятся доказательства, подтверждающие механизмы, описываемые этой теорией. В частности, в статье подчёркивается, что недавно появившаяся интерпретация роли последовательностей TERRA в рамках субтеломерно-теломерной теории является ключевым моментом в поддержку гипотетических механизмов. Кроме того, отдельные характеристики механизмов, предложенных в рамках данной теории, такие как наблюдаемые при старении эпигенетические модификации, постепенное старение клеток, клеточное старение, ограничения дупликации клеток и фиксированный размер теломерного гетерохроматинового капюшона, подробно рассмотрены на предмет их совместимости как с положением о старении как феноптотическом явлении, так и с противоположными точками зрения. Короче говоря, старение как форма феноптоза представляется научно обоснованной гипотезой, в то время как противоположный тезис должен прояснить значение различных явлений, которые, по-видимому, опровергают его.

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* Адресат для корреспонденции.

Вклад авторов

Первый автор взял на себя инициативу в написании рукописи. Все авторы обсудили результаты, предоставили критические отзывы и внесли свой вклад в окончательный вариант рукописи.

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов в финансовой или любой другой сфере.

Соблюдение этических норм

Эта статья не содержит каких-либо исследований с участием людей или животных, проведённых кем-либо из авторов.

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